TechNotes

• Getting Started
  • Introduction to SkyCiv
  • My Account
    • Account Levels
    • Cancelling your Subscription
    • Enterprise Account Setup
    • Account Limits
  • File Management
    • File Manager
    • Sharing Files
    • Revision Control
  • Company
    • Our Company
    • Quality Assurance
    • Security + 2FA
    • Record Keeping
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    • Sub-Processor List
  • SkyCiv Mobile
• SkyCiv Beam
  • Building Your Model
  • Adding a Section
  • Interpreting Results
  • 3D Renderer (Beam)
  • Hand Calculations
  • Exporting Your Results (Output)
  • Beam Design and Optimization
• SkyCiv Structural 3D
  • Getting Started
    • Introduction to Structural 3D
    • Settings
    • Demo Video
    • Keyboard and Mouse Controls
    • Importing and Exporting
  • Modelling
    • Nodes
    • Members
    • Relative Members
    • Assembly Templates
    • Sections
    • Materials
    • Supports
    • Plates
    • Meshing Your Plate
    • Datasheets
    • Grids, Pen tool and Snapping
    • Gridlines and Elevations
    • Operations
    • 3D Renderer
    • Rigid Diaphragms
  • Members
    • Members
    • Normal vs Continuous Members
    • Offsetting Members and Insertion Points
    • Rigid Members
    • Member End Fixities (Connectivity)
    • Cables
    • Curved and Spiral Members
    • Open Web Steel Joists (SJI)
  • Applying Loads
    • Point Loads
    • Distributed Loads (DL’s)
    • Moments
    • Area & Wind Loads
    • Integrated Load Generator with Structural 3D
    • Prestressed & Thermal Loads
    • Pressures
    • Self Weight
    • Load Groups
    • Load Combinations
  • Solving
    • Repair Model
    • Linear Static Analysis
    • Linear Static and Buckling Analysis
    • Non-Linear Static & P-Delta Analysis
    • Dynamic Frequency Analysis
    • Response Spectrum Analysis and Seismic Loads
    • List of Solver Errors and Warnings
    • Troubleshooting your Model
    • S3D Optimizer
  • Design
    • Member Design
    • RC Design
    • Connection Design
    • Wind Design
    • Member Designer
  • Post Processing
    • Sign Conventions
    • Reaction Results in S3D
    • Shear, Moment, Torsion and Axial
    • Displacement/Deflection Results in S3D
    • Stress
    • Plate Analysis Results
    • Buckling
    • 3D Renderer Results
    • Single Member Analysis
    • Truss Hand Calculations
    • Result Summary and Limit Checks
  • Reporting
    • Analysis Report and Bill of Materials
    • Single Member Reports
    • User Defined Screenshots
    • Nodal Results
    • Member Results
    • Export Drawings
    • Plate Results
• SkyCiv Section Builder
  • Getting Started
    • Adding Shapes
    • Changing Dimensions
    • Section Properties and Submitting
    • Tools
    • Saving and Loading Sections
    • Custom Library Upload
    • Integrating with other Software
  • Operations
    • Translation
    • Rotation
    • Mirroring
    • Converting to Points/Database Shape
  • Built-Up and Composite Sections
    • Multiple Shapes
    • Composite Sections
    • Cutouts and Holes
  • Custom Shapes
    • Points Shape
    • Line Shape
    • Importing DXF
    • Tapered Sections
  • Analysis
    • Getting Started
    • Calculation Verification
  • General Section Designer
    • Getting Started
    • Calculation Verification
  • Results
    • Standard Results
    • Composite Results
    • Hand Calculations
• SkyCiv RC Design
  • Getting Started
  • General
    • Beam, Column Design – Standalone
    • Beam, Column Design – S3D
    • Beam, Column Design – S3D old
    • Section Designer
  • Code Verification
    • ACI 318 Verification
    • Eurocode 2 Verification
    • AS 3600 Verification
    • CSA A23 Verification
    • GSD Verification
  • Plate Design Module
    • Plate Design Module
    • ACI Slab Design Example and Comparison with SkyCiv
    • Australian Standards AS3600 Slab Design Example and Comparison with SkyCiv
    • Eurocode Slab Design Example and Comparison with SkyCiv
    • One-way and Two-way Reinforced Concrete Slabs Analysis
• SkyCiv Member Design
  • General
    • Standalone
    • Integrated Member Design
    • A Guide to Unbraced Lengths, Effective Length Factor (K), and Slenderness
    • A guide to Non-prismatic Members
  • Member Design Modules
    • AISC 360-10 and AISC 360-16 Steel Member Design
    • NDS® Standards 2018 Member Design
    • AS 4100 Member Design
    • Eurocode 3 Member Design
    • CSA S16 Member Design
    • AS 1720 Member Design
    • AISI 2012 Member Design
    • AS4600 Member Design
  • Code Verification
    • AISC 360 Code Verification
    • Eurocode 3 Code Verification
    • AS 4100 Code Verification
    • CSA S16 Code Verification
    • NDS® 2018 Code Verification
    • AS 1720 Code Verification
  • Composite Design
    • AS2327 Composite Design Example
    • Walkthrough of a Composite Beam Design
    • AISC Composite Beam Design
  • Common Issues and Solutions
    • Problems with sections
    • General problems
• SkyCiv Load Generator
  • Introduction to SkyCiv Load Generator
  • Wind Loads
    • Wind Speed Map
    • AS/NZS 1170.2 (2021) Wind Load Calculations
    • ASCE 7 Wind Load Calculations for Buildings
    • ASCE 7-22 Wind Load Calculations
    • EN 1991 Wind Load Calculations (Buildings)
    • NBCC 2015 Wind Load Calculations
    • IS 875 Wind Load Calculations
    • NSCP 2015 Wind Load Calculations
    • CFE Wind Load Calculations (for Mexico)
    • ASCE 7 Wind Load Calculations (Freestanding Wall/Solid Signs)
    • EN 1991 Wind Load Calculations (Signboards)
    • ASCE 7-16 Wind Load Calculations (Solar Panels)
    • AS/NZS 1170.2 (2021) Wind Load Calculations (Solar Panels)
    • Wind Speed Map by Zip Code
    • Effects of Topography on Wind Load
    • Integrated Wind Load in SkyCiv S3D
    • Site Analysis for Wind Load Calculations
    • ASCE 7 Wind Load Calculations for Open Frames/Signs
    • ASCE 7 Wind Load Calculations for Circular Bins, Tanks, and Silos
    • AS/NZS 1170.2 (2021) Wind Load Calculations for Circular Bins, Tanks, and Silos
    • NBCC 2015 and NBCC 2020 CpCg Values
    • How to Determine Terrain Category for Wind Load Calculations
  • Snow Loads
    • Ground Snow Load
    • ASCE 7 Snow Load Calculation
    • AS/NZS 1170 Snow Load Calculation
    • NBCC 2015 Snow Load Calculation
    • EN 1991 Snow Load Calculation
    • Integrated Snow Load in SkyCiv S3D
  • Seismic Loads
    • ASCE 7-16 Seismic Load Calculations
    • NZS 1170.5 Seismic Load Calculations
    • NSCP 2015 Seismic Load Calculations
    • NBCC 2020 Seismic Load Calculations
    • Verification
• SkyCiv Foundation
  • Introduction to SkyCiv Foundation
  • Isolated Footings
    • Introduction
    • User Manual
    • Eccentric Footings
    • SkyCiv Foundation – Verification
      • ACI 318 Verification # 1
      • AS 3600 Verification # 1
      • EN 1992 Verification # 1
      • CSA A23.3-14 Verification # 1
    • AS3600 Design Example | Linking Superstructure reaction to the module
    • Technical Documentation
      • Isolated Footing Design Walkthrough with ACI 318-14
      • Isolated Footing Design Walkthrough with AS 3600 2018
      • Isolated Footing Design in accordance with EN 1992 & EN 1997
      • Spread Footing Design in Accordance with CSA A23.3
    • How to Design Spread Footings
    • Pressure Distribution Under a Rectangular Concrete Footing
  • Piles
    • Introduction
    • Concrete Piles: An Overview
    • Building your Model
    • Load-Carrying Capacity of Piles
    • ACI 318 Concrete Pile Design
    • AS 2159 & 3600 Concrete Pile Design
    • ACI 318 Pile Design Verification
    • AS 2159 & 3600 Pile Design Verification
    • Various Methods for Estimating Pile Capacity
  • Combined Foundation
    • Introduction
    • Technical Documentation
      • Combined Footing Design in Accordance with ACI 318-14
    • ACI verification #1
  • Example Foundation Project Walkthrough
• SkyCiv Connection Design
  • Getting Started
    • Introduction to SkyCiv Steel Connection Design
    • Choosing a Connection
    • Guide to Connection Design
  • How to use the SkyCiv Connection Design Calculator
    • AISC 360-16 Connections
      • Column Splice Connection
      • Double Angle Connection
      • Flange Plate Connection
      • Knee Brace Connection
      • Single Plate Connection
      • Vertical Brace Connection
  • Design of Steel Connections using AISC 360-16
    • AISC 360: Moment Connection Design Example
    • AISC 360: Shear Connection Design Example
  • Design of Steel Connections using AS 4100:2020
  • List of Supported Connection Types
  • Steel Connection Articles
    • Bolt group calculation using ICOR
    • Bolts and Bolted Connections
  • v1 Documentation
    • Add Connection
    • Edit Connection Assembly
    • Parent Member
    • Child Members
    • Edit Connection
    • Bolts
    • Welds
    • Render Model
    • Design Checks
    • Detailed Report
• SkyCiv Base Plate Design
  • Getting Started with SkyCiv Base Plate Design
  • AISC Steel Base Plate Design Example
  • Steel Base Plate Design Australian Code Example
  • Steel Base Plate Design Example Eurocode
  • AISC & ACI Steel Base Plate and Anchor Rod Verification
  • AISC Shear Lug
  • AISC Steel Base Plate Seismic Design
  • NSCP 2015 Steel Base Plate Design
• SkyCiv Retaining Wall
  • Getting Started
  • Verification pages
    • Model 1 (Imperial)
    • Model 2 (Metric)
    • Model 3 (Imperial)
  • Articles and Tutorials
    • Types of Retaining Wall
    • Retaining Wall Design Process
    • Wall Footing Stability Checks
    • Coefficient of Friction for Retaining Wall Design
    • Lateral Earth Pressure for Retaining Wall Design
    • Lateral Earth Pressure due to Surcharge Loads
    • How to Calculate Overturning Moment
    • Retaining Wall Sliding Calculation Example
    • Retaining wall design checks as per ACI 318
• Detailed Shell FEA
  • Beam and Member Shell FEA – Getting Started
    • Introduction to Beam Shell FEA
    • Introduction to Member Shell FEA
  • Modelling and Meshing
    • Creating Webs and Flanges (Beam Shell FEA)
    • Stiffeners (Beam Shell FEA)
    • Web Openings (Beam Shell FEA)
    • Meshing
    • Main Parts (Member Shell FEA)
  • Materials, Loading and Constrains
    • Material Properties
    • Initial Conditions
    • Boundaries
    • Loads
    • Displacement
    • Springs
  • Analysis and Results
    • Analysis Types
    • Results and Displays
  • Verification
    • Beams with web openings failure
    • Lateral torsional buckling
    • Beam flange local buckling
    • Beam web panel local buckling
    • Failure with residual stress influance
    • General welded / Cold-formed members
  • Tutorials (Beam Shell FEA)
    • Example 1. Simple beam with web openings and stiffeners (Linear Analysis)
    • Example 2. Simple beam with web openings and stiffeners (Nonlinear Analysis)
    • Example 3. Steel Column Buckling Analysis with Influence of Residual Stress
    • Example 4. Load-amplitude Sequence for Member Loading
    • Example 5. Compression-only Springs for Contact Analysis
  • Tutorials (Member Shell FEA)
    • Example 1. Simple axially loaded member
    • Example 2. Stiffened axially loaded beam with bending
    • Example 3. Global buckling of beam between columns
    • Example 4. Rigid End Displacement
    • Example 5. Cold-formed Member Buckling with Bi-material
• SkyCiv API
  • SkyCiv API
  • Plugins
    • SkyCiv for Excel
    • Grasshopper
    • Revit Plugin
    • Revit Plugin Validation
    • Microsoft Teams
    • SolidWorks Plugin
    • SkyCiv-Revit Double Link
  • Addons
    • Slack
    • Bill of Materials
    • Detailed Comments App
• TechNotes
  • Structural 3D
    • Grouping and Visibility Settings in SkyCiv 3D
    • TechTip: How to Model a Hinge
    • TechTip: Preparing your Revit Model for Exporting to S3D
    • Column Buckling
    • Modelling Stacked Beams
    • Moment Frame Design Using SkyCiv (AISC 360-10)
    • Exporting to Revit
    • Importing 3D DXF
    • Importing a Revit Model
    • Higher Order FEM Verification
    • TechTip: SketchUp to S3D
    • Modeling a Hip Roof
    • TechTip: How to Model Eccentric Loads with Rigid Links
    • Static Determinacy, Indeterminacy, and Instability
    • Orthotropic Plates: Theory and Examples
    • Response Spectrum Analysis: A Building Example
    • Response Spectrum Analysis: Modal Combination Methods
    • LRFD vs ASD
    • Response Spectrum Analysis: Plates
    • Semi-fixed members – theory and usage
    • How to Import a DWG File into SkyCiv
    • FE Plate Model Area Loads
  • Load Combinations
    • AS/NZS 1170:2002 Load Combinations
    • ASCE 7-10 ASD Load Combinations
    • ASCE 7-16 LRFD Load Combinations
    • ACI 318-11 Load Combinations
    • NBCC 2010 Load Combinations
    • EN 1990:2002 Load Combinations
  • Loading
    • Calculating Roof Snow Loads w/ ASCE 7-10
    • How to Apply Eccentric Point Load in Structural 3D
    • How to Calculate and Apply Roof Snow Drift Loads w/ ASCE 7-10
    • AS/NZS 1170.2 Wind Load Calculation Example
    • ASCE 7-10 Wind Load Calculation Example
    • EN 1991-1-4 Wind Load Calculation Example
    • NBCC 2015 Snow Load Calculation Example
    • ASCE 7-16 Wind Load Calculation Example for L-shaped Building
    • IS 875-3 Wind Load Calculation Example
    • Wind and Snow Loads for Ground Solar Panels – ASCE 7-16
    • Wind Load Calculation for Signs – EN 1991
    • ASCE 7-16 Seismic Load Calculation Example Using Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
  • S3D Verification Models
    • Two-storey Structure
    • Medium-rise Building
    • Roof Frame
    • Hydraulic Frame (FEA)
    • Arch Frame
    • Double Warehouse
    • Egg Structure
    • Shell Frame
    • Timber Barn Frame
    • Unit Conversion Model (Imperial)
    • Unit Conversion Model (Metric)
    • SJI Verification
  • S3D Plate Verification Models
    • Rectangular Plate Bending – Pinned at Edges
    • Rectangular Plate Bending – Pinned at Corners
    • Rectangular Plate Bending – Fixed at Edges
    • Rectangular Plate Bending – Fixed at Corners
    • Cantilever Membrane
    • 90 Degree Angle Cantilever Plate with Pressures
    • Plate with Stiffener Members
    • Slab on Risers
    • Hemispherical shell under concentrated loads
    • Stress concentration around a hole in a square plate
  • Other
    • Guide to Lifting Lug Design
    • Guide to Cold-Formed Steel Purlin Design
    • Guide to Canadian Wood Beam Design
    • Guide to AS 4100 Steel Design
    • Guide to Eurocode 3 Steel Design
• Tutorials
  • Beam Tutorials
    • What is a Beam?
    • Types of Beams
    • A Complete Guide to Cantilever Beam | Deflections and Moments
    • Beam Deflection: Definition, Formula, and Examples
    • What is Bending Moment?
    • Bending Moment Formula and Equations
    • How to Calculate Bending Moment Diagrams?
    • Calculating Shear Force Diagrams
    • How to Determine the Reactions at the Supports?
    • How to Calculate an Indeterminate Beam?
    • Types of Supports in Structural Analysis
  • Truss Tutorials
    • What is a Truss? Common Types of Trusses in Structural Engineering
    • Truss Tutorial 1: Analysis and Calculation using Method of Joints
    • Truss Tutorial 2: Analysis and Calculation using Method of Sections
    • Truss Tutorial 3: Roof Truss Design Example
  • Section Tutorials
    • Calculating the Centroid of a Beam Section
    • Calculating the Statical/First Moment of Area
    • Moment of Inertia – Overview, Formula, Calculations
    • Moment of Inertia of a Circle
    • Moment of Inertia of a Rectangle
  • Stress Tutorials
    • Bending Stress Formula – Calculating Bending Stress of a Beam Section
  • Reinforced Concrete Tutorials
    • What is Reinforced Concrete?
    • What is a Column Interaction Diagram/Curve?
    • Calculate the Moment Capacity of an Reinforced Concrete Beam
    • Reinforced Concrete vs Prestressed Concrete
    • How to Design Reinforced Concrete Beams?
  • Connection Design Tutorials
    • Shear Connection
    • Moment Connection
  • Foundation Design Tutorials
    • A Complete Guide to Building Foundations: Definition, Types, and Uses
    • What is a Foundation
    • Types of Foundation and Their Uses
    • What is the Process of Designing a Footing Foundation?
    • A Brief Guide on Pile Foundation Design
  • Equations and Summaries
    • Moment of Inertia Formula and Equations
    • Centroid Equations of Various Beam Sections
    • Beam Deflection Formula and Equations
    • Bending Moment Equations
  • Featured Projects
    • Modelling A Greenhouse
    • Modeling a Concrete Building
  • Load Tutorials
    • Types of Loads
    • What is a Frequency Analysis?
    • Tributary Area and Tributary Width Explained – with Examples
• Education
  • Education Accounts
    • Introduction to SkyCiv Education
    • How to Upload a CSV of your Students
    • Case Study: Monash University
    • Courses that use SkyCiv
  • Science Olympiad
    • Getting Started
    • How to Design a Boomilever
    • How to Design a Bridge
    • How to Test for Common Boomilever Failures
    • Templates
    • SkyCiv Science Olympiad 2021 Competition App (Bridge)
    • SkyCiv Science Olympiad 2024 Competition App
  • Sample Courses
    • How to Model a Truss (30mins)
    • AISC Steel Bridge Competition
    • Spaghetti Bridge Design
    • Introduction to a Design Project for Engineers