How to Calculate the Statical or First Moment of Area of Beam Sections?
The statical or first moment of area (Q) simply measures the distribution of a beam section’s area relative to an axis. It is calculated by taking the summation of all areas, multiplied by their distance from a particular axis (Area by Distance).
In fact, you may not have realized it, but if you’ve calculated the centroid of a beam section then you would have already calculated the first moment of area. Also, this property, often denoted by Q, is most commonly used when determining the shear stress of a beam section.
Since beam sections are usually made up of many geometries we first need to split the section into segments. After this, to find the overall statical moment of the area, the area and centroid of each segment are calculated.
Consider the I-beam section shown below. In our previous tutorial, we already found the centroid to be 216.29 mm from the bottom of the section. To calculate the statical moment of area relative to the horizontal x-axis, the section can be split into 4 segments as illustrated:
Remember that the first moment of area is the summation of the areas multiplied by the distance from the axis. So the formula for the statical moment of area relative to the horizontal x-axis is:
Now for a result such as shear stress, we often want the statical moment of either the TOP or BOTTOM of the section relative to the Neutral Axis (NA) XX. Let’s start with the TOP portion of the section (i.e. Segments 1 and 2).
We’ll find Ai and yi for each segment of the I-beam section above the neutral axis and then compute the statical moment of area (Qx). Remember we measure the distances from the neutral axis!
Similarly, we can calculate the statical moment of area of the BOTTOM portion of the section. This involves Segments 3 and 4 which are below the neutral axis.
What you’ll notice, is that the statical moment of area above the neutral axis is equal to that below the neutral axis!
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{Q}_{x,top}={Q}_{x,bottom}
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Free Statical/First Moment of Area Calculator
Of course, manually computing for the moment of inertia is not necessary with the use of our Free Moment of Inertia Calculator to find the statical/first moment of area of beam sections.
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Visit the next step: How to Calculate the Moment of Inertia of a Beam Section.
