Descripción general
SkyCiv has included a new powerful feature consisting of the plate response spectrum analysis in the platform. En este artículo, we will cover an example of a small building, as the following image shows. The primary purpose is to explain some essential details when executing a similar analysis by yourself.
Figura 1. Ejemplo de edificio pequeño
You can see that the small reinforced concrete structure has walls and slabs built using the SkyCiv plate element. Al diseñar el edificio para cargas dinámicas como terremotos., la mayoría de los códigos de construcción establecen algunos métodos como el 'Procedimiento o Análisis del Espectro de Respuesta' (RSA).’
The RSA consists of taking the seismic design level acceleration through a smooth curve given by the code. Puedes leer estos artículos de SkyCiv: Análisis del espectro de respuesta: Un ejemplo de construcción y un análisis del espectro de respuesta: Modal Combination Methods for more information and examples Análisis del espectro de respuesta: Building Examples y Análisis del espectro de respuesta: Métodos de combinación modal.
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Modelo de elementos finitos: Plates Dynamic Analysis
Once the geometry and materials for the example have been defined, El siguiente paso crucial es ejecutar un análisis lineal de una estructura mallada.. Por favor mire el modelo en la Figura. 2.
Figura 2. Edificio pequeño mallado
The motion equation to solve when running a response spectrum analysis has the shape of:
\({M_e}{\punto{X_e}}+{C_e}{\punto{X_e}}+{K_e}{X_e}={-\punto{X_0}{(t)}{M_e}{J}}\)
Dónde:
- \({M_e}\) is the consistent matrix for masses.
- \({C_e}\) is the damping matrix (A menudo, this value could be calculated as the linear combination of stiffness and masses matrices \({C_e}={\alfa}{K_e}+{\beta}{M}\) ).
- \({K_e}\) es la matriz de rigidez.
- \({X_e}\) is the displacement vector relative to the structure’s base.
- \({X_0}{(t)}\) is the soil displacement vector (It has all degrees of freedom: 3 displacements and three rotations).
- \({J}\) is a vector with unitary components.
Due SkyCiv using the Finite Element Method for Plates, the matrix \({M_e}\) could be obtained through the following expression for Kinetic Energy:
\({CE}={\frac{1}{2}}{\En t_{vol} {\rho}{\punto{x}^ 2}{dw}Vol.}\) .
We now write the \(X) displacement as a function of its nodes and use some interpolation expressions (\(NORTE_{x}^{T}\)).
\({x}=N_{x}^{T} {x}\). If we plug this value into the energy equation, obtenemos:
\({CE}={\frac{1}{2}}{\punto{x}^{T}}\{{\En t_{vol}{\rho}{norte}{N^T}{re}{Vol.}}\} \punto{x} \)
Entonces, we can say that:
\( Determine la deflexión y el ángulo de rotación en el extremo B de la viga mostrada en la figura {\En t_{vol}{\rho}{norte}{N^T}{re}{Vol.}}\)
Defining the above matrix lets us run a modal analysis, which is required for the dynamic analysis. Figura 3 helps us with some recommended inputs.
Figura 3. Modos máximos considerados aumentados hasta 40
Increasing the total number of modes is recommended until strictly fulfilling codes. This will affect the total mass participation factors, which have to reach a value of 90%.
Cargas espectrales
The next step is to define the spectral loads. We can include a custom function or take the cases previously built by the SkyCiv platform. This example uses for each building plan main direction an ASCE plot. Check the inputs in Figure 4 y figura 5.
Figura 4. Configuración para RSA, part one
Figura 5. Configuración para RSA, part two
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Results analysis and conclusions
Figura 6. Modes and Mass Participation Summary, part one
Figura 7. Modes and Mass Participation Summary, part one
Cifras 6 y 7 give the modes and mass participation values. These tables define the principal modes in each plan direction corresponding to those with the highest mass participation values.
Modo 24, T = 0.029 segundos, participación masiva = 44.80 % ‘x direction’:
Figura 8. Main modal mode for X direction.
Modo 23, T = 0.030 segundos, participación masiva = 41.80 % ‘z direction’:
Figura 9. Main modal mode for Z direction.
SkyCiv also gives the displacements, efectivo, tensiones, and so on when running the RSA. The following images help us to understand how the buildings behave.
Figura 10. Displacements in X direction for RSA load case.
Figura 11. Displacement in the Z direction for RSA load case.
You can now design the plate elements with those results. We suggest you read the SkyCiv articles about Plate Design: Módulo de diseño de placas and applied code-based slabs examples in the following links: ACI, AS-3600 y Eurocódigo 2.
también, con SkyCiv, we can get the base reactions for the foundation design.
Figura 12. Base reactions for RSA load case.
Just be aware of the results signs! All of them came in positive or absolute values. This is because we get the maximum absolute values for each design component when using an RSA method.
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