Base plaatontwerp voorbeeld met behulp van AISC 360-22 en ACI 318-19
Probleemverklaring
Bepaal of de ontworpen kolom-voetplaatverbinding voldoende is voor een 5 kip-ft strong-axis moment.
Gegeven gegevens
Kolom:
Kolomgedeelte: W8x31
Kolomgebied: 9.130 in2
Kolommateriaal: A992
Bodemplaat:
Baseplaat afmetingen: 15 in x 15 in
Basisplaatdikte: 1 in
Basisplaatmateriaal: A36
Beton:
Concrete dimensies: 18 in x 18 in
Betonnen dikte: 15 in
Betonnen materiaal: 3000 psi
Lassen:
Lasgrootte: 1/4 in
Vulmetaalclassificatie: E70XX
Compressiebelasting alleen overgedragen door lassen? NEE
Model in SkyCiv Gratis tool
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Determine if Low Moment or Large Moment
The calculations for this base plate example, which is subjected to a strong-axis moment, will be based on AISC-ontwerpgids 1, 3RD -editie. According to the design guide, base plates subjected to moment loads only are classified as the Large Moment Case. This is because no axial load is present to counteract the eccentric load acting on the connection.
For other load combinations, such as strong-axis bending with axial compression or strong-axis bending with axial tension, determining if the case is Large Moment or Low Moment depends on the actual kolomgrootte, base plate size, concrete size, and the given belastingen.
In the free version of SkyCiv, the moment case is displayed as you enter the load values. You can access the free tool here to determine the moment case yourself. Straight from the browser, geen installatie vereist.
To learn more about Low Moment and Large Moment case, refer to this SkyCiv article: AISC DG1: Basisplaten met groot moment en laag moment
Stapsgewijze berekeningen
Controleren #1: Weld capacity
We start the design by checking the weld capacity of the connection. We use the Blodgett equations from Ontwerp van gelaste constructies door Omer W. Blodgett to determine the weld section modulus of the weld. We take the weld shape shown below as a simplification.
\(S_w = 2d_{col}b_f + \dfrac{(d_{col})^2}{3} = 2 \times 8 \text{ in} \times 8 \text{ in} + \dfrac{(8 \text{ in})^2}{3} = 149.33 \text{ in}^2\)
De volgende, we divide the applied bending moment by the weld section modulus to determine the weld stress per unit length. Note that in calculating the weld section modulus, we assume the critical weld stresses occur at the outermost fiber. For a weld in an I-shaped section, the critical locations are at the outer flanges. We get the weld stress as:
\(r_{uw} = \dfrac{M_z}{S_w} = \dfrac{5 \text{ kip·ft}}{149.33 \text{ in}^2} = 0.40179 \text{ kip/in}\)
Vervolgens, we berekenen de capacity of the weld. Voor een 0.25 in weld size, the design weld throat is 0.177 in, which is obtained by multiplying the weld size by \(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\). Gebruik makend van AISC 360-22 Eq. J2-4, the weld capacity per unit length is:
\(\phi r_n = \phi 0.6F_{exx}E_w k_{ds} = 0.75 \times 0.6 \times 70 \text{ ksi} \times 0.177 \text{ in} \times 1 = 5.5755 \text{ kip/in}\)
Sinds 0.40179 kpi < 5.5755 kpi , the column weld capacity is voldoende.
This weld check investigates the weld stress at the tension flange. Since the geometry is symmetric and the only load is a moment acting at the center, we can assume the stress at the compression flange is the same as the stress at the tension flange. Daarom, the welds at the compression flange also have enough capacity.
In dit ontwerpvoorbeeld, echter, the design inputs specify that compression is not transferred through the welds, but through lager. Dus, in the next check, we evaluate the bearing capacity of the column.
Controleren #2: Calculate column bearing capacity
After evaluating the weld capacity, we make sure the column has enough capacity to bear on the base plate. This is necessary because we assume the welds do not carry the compression load.
Eerste, We bepalen de compressive stress at the critical section, which is still the flange. We then add any contribution from axial compression. In dit geval, there is none.
\(r_u = \dfrac{N_x}{A_{col}} + \dfrac{M_z 0.5d_{col}}{I_{zz,col}} = \dfrac{0 \text{ kip}}{9.13 \text{ in}^2} + \dfrac{5 \text{ kip·ft} \times 0.5 \times 8 \text{ in}}{110 \text{ in}^4} = 2.1818 \text{ ksi}\)
Vervolgens, we gebruiken AISC 360-22 Section J7 Eq. J7-1 Om de draagvermogen:
\(\phi r_n = \phi 1.8F_{y\_col} = 0.75 \times 1.8 \times 50 \text{ ksi} = 67.5 \text{ ksi}\)
Sinds 2.1818 KSI < 67.5 KSI, De kolomlagercapaciteit is voldoende.
Meestal, this check is not governing.
Controleren #3: Bereken het betonlagercapaciteit
To calculate the concrete bearing capacity, we need two areas. See the figure below as a guide.
- A1 – Base plate loaded area
- A2 – Area of the concrete support with the same shape as A1
A1 is de loaded area of the base plate, terwijl A2 is de same loaded area projected at a 2H:1V slope into the concrete support. More details on these areas can be found in ACI 318-19 Sectie 22.8.3.2.
In deze base plate design with moment, the A1 area will be calculated using the full width of the base plate, \(B\) als de actual bearing length, \(Y\). The actual bearing length is measured from the edge of the base plate at the compression side towards the center of the plate.
\( A_1 = B \times Y \)
For most engineers, calculating A1 and A2 requires a lot of work, so they simply assume A1 = A2, wat conservatief is. In de SkyCiv-basisplaatsoftware, iteraties are performed to determine the actual A1 values and to maximize the capacity of the base plate.
The table below shows the iteration steps from SkyCiv to determine the bearing length Y, en vervolgens, to determine the actual A1 and A2 areas.
Eerste, an initial Y is assumed, and the A2 and A1 values are calculated based on the initial Y. These are then used to calculate the maximum bearing strength of the concrete, \(f_{p\_max}\), en de daarbij behorende bearing force per unit length, \(q_{max}\). Once these are determined, the corresponding Y value is determined based on Eq. 4-32 of AISC DG1 3rd zal overwegen C. If the calculated Y does not match the initial Y, another iteration step is performed. A more detailed step-by-step calculation of the last iteration is shown in the next section.
Nu, taking the A2 and A1 values from the iteration, we gebruiken Eq. 4-2 of AISC Design Guide 1, 3RD -editie, to determine \(f_{p\_max}\), the design bearing strength for concrete crushing:
\(f_{p\_max} = \phi \left( \min \left( 0.85 \, (f_c’) \sqrt{\dfrac{A_2}{A_1}}, \, 1.7 \, (f_c’) \right) \right)\)
\(f_{p\_max} = 0.65 \times \left( \min \left( 0.85 \times (3 \text{ ksi}) \times \sqrt{39.941}, \, 1.7 \times (3 \text{ ksi}) \right) \right) = 3.315 \text{ ksi}\)
Bovendien, since this design is a Large Moment Case, the base plate has both a compression side and a tension side. In deze situatie, we should allow the concrete bearing to be at its full capacity and minimize the Y value. Dus, any remaining tensile force, based on equilibrium of forces, will be taken by the anchors at the tension side.
Given this, we set \(f_{p\_actual}\) gelijk aan \(f_{p\_max}\).
\(f_{p\_actual} = f_{p\_max} = 3.315 \text{ ksi}\)
Sinds 3.315 ksi ≤ 3.315 KSI, het betonnen draagvermogen is voldoende.
Controleren #4: Calculate base plate yielding capacity at the bearing interface
The next step is to determine if the base plate has enough capacity for the given load. As the moment load pushes the base plate against the concrete, the base plate has a tendency to yield due to flexure. We call this check the base plate yielding check on the bearing interface. There is also a separate yielding due to the tension load, and it will be covered in the next design check.
To check the base plate yielding, we need to determine the \(q_{max}\), which is the compression force per unit length. AISC DG1 3rd Ed. Eq. 4-37 geeft \(q_{max}\)net zo:
\(q_{max} = f_{p\_max}B_{bp} = 3.315 \text{ ksi} \times 15 \text{ in} = 49.725 \text{ kip/in}\)
Vervolgens, we will calculate the Y-dimension. Although the Y-dimension is already calculated in the prior check, this section will show how we use the equations from AISC DG1. For this Large Moment Case, we gebruiken Eq. 4-32 of AISC DG1, 3RD -editie.
For the plus case:
\(Y_{case1} = \left( f + \dfrac{L_{bp}}{2} \right) + \sqrt{\left( \left( f + \dfrac{L_{bp}}{2} \right)^2 \right) – \dfrac{2M_z}{q_{max}}}\)
\(Y_{case1} = \left( 5.5315 \text{ in} + \dfrac{15 \text{ in}}{2} \right) + \sqrt{\left( \left( 5.5315 \text{ in} + \dfrac{15 \text{ in}}{2} \right)^2 \right) – \dfrac{2 \times 5 \text{ kip·ft}}{49.725 \text{ kip/in}}}\)
\(Y_{case1} = 25.97 \text{ in}\)
For the minus case:
\(Y_{case2} = \left( f + \dfrac{L_{bp}}{2} \right) – \sqrt{\left( \left( f + \dfrac{L_{bp}}{2} \right)^2 \right) – \dfrac{2M_z}{q_{max}}}\)
\(Y_{case2} = \left( 5.5315 \text{ in} + \dfrac{15 \text{ in}}{2} \right) – \sqrt{\left( \left( 5.5315 \text{ in} + \dfrac{15 \text{ in}}{2} \right)^2 \right) – \dfrac{2 \times 5 \text{ kip·ft}}{49.725 \text{ kip/in}}}\)
\(Y_{case2} = 0.092925 \text{ in}\)
Note that this equation has + en – symbolen, so we get two values. Vanaf hier, we need to determine which value makes more sense. Sinds 25.97 in is greater than the base plate length, 15 in, we will not consider this value. Dus, we zullen gebruiken 0.092925 in als de lager lengte.
\(Y = Y_{case2} = 0.092925 \text{ in}\)
De volgende, we calculate the cantilever lengths. en begin met het invoeren van de coördinaten van uw knooppunten m and n dimensions from the figure below. Dit is gebaseerd op AISC DG1 3rd Edition Section 4.3.1.
The calculated m and n cantilever values are:
\(m = \dfrac{L_{bp} – 0.95d_{col}}{2} = \dfrac{15 \text{ in} – 0.95 \times 8 \text{ in}}{2} = 3.7 \text{ in}\)
\(n = \dfrac{B_{bp} – 0.8b_f}{2} = \dfrac{15 \text{ in} – 0.8 \times 8 \text{ in}}{2} = 4.3 \text{ in}\)
Vervolgens, wij zullen compare the calculated Y value to the larger of m and n. Since Y is less than the larger cantilever length, we zullen gebruiken AISC DG1 3rd Ed. Eq. 4-52een. This gives the required base plate thickness to be:
\(t_{p(req)} = \sqrt{\dfrac{4f_{p\_actual}Y \left( n – \dfrac{Y}{2} \right)}{\phi F_{y\_bp}}}\)
\(t_{p(req)} = \sqrt{\dfrac{4 \times 3.315 \text{ ksi} \times 0.092925 \text{ in} \times \left( 4.3 \text{ in} – \dfrac{0.092925 \text{ in}}{2} \right)}{0.9 \times 36 \text{ ksi}}} = 0.4022 \text{ in}\)
Uiteindelijk, let’s compare it to the actual base plate thickness.
\(t_{p(actual)} = t_{bp} = 1 \text{ in}\)
Sinds 0.4022 in < 1 in, the yielding capacity of the base plate is voldoende.
Controleren #5: Calculate base plate yielding capacity at the tension interface
The required tensile force on the anchors at the tension side is equal to the resulting compression force on the compression side. This is because the base plate is only loaded with moment loads, and so the resulting couple forces are equal in magnitude.
To calculate the required strength of anchors, we gebruiken AISC DG1 3rd Ed. Eq. 4-31.
\(T_u = q_{max}Y = 49.725 \text{ kip/in} \times 0.092925 \text{ in} = 4.6207 \text{ kip}\)
Vervolgens, we berekenen de eccentricity of this tensile force from the column support. This is taken from the center of the anchor rod to the center of the column flange. We gebruiken Eq. 4-61 of the design guide to determine the eccentricity. In the equation, f is the distance of the anchor rod from the column centerline.
\(x = \left( f – \dfrac{d_{col}}{2} \right) + \dfrac{t_f}{2} = \left( 5.5315 \text{ in} – \dfrac{8 \text{ in}}{2} \right) + \dfrac{0.435 \text{ in}}{2} = 1.749 \text{ in}\)
Note that in this analysis, we take the whole base plate width as the section to resist the flexure, as we closely follow the AISC DG1 3rd Ed. guidelines. Other conservative bending widths could also be used.
Uiteindelijk, we determine the required base plate thickness gebruik makend van Eq. 4-62een.
\(t_{p(req)} = \sqrt{\dfrac{4T_u x}{B_{bp}\phi F_{y\_bp}}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{4 \times 4.6207 \text{ kip} \times 1.749 \text{ in}}{15 \text{ in} \times 0.9 \times 36 \text{ ksi}}} = 0.25791 \text{ in}\)
Sinds 0.25791 in < 1 in, de yielding capacity of the base plate is voldoende.
Controleren #6: Ankercontroles
The rest of the anchor design checks are not shown in this example. Please refer to other SkyCiv Base Plate Design Examples that covers capacity of ankerplaats.
Ontwerp Samenvatting
De SkyCiv Base Plate Design-software kan automatisch een stapsgewijze berekeningsrapport genereren voor dit ontwerpvoorbeeld. Het biedt ook een samenvatting van de uitgevoerde controles en hun resulterende verhoudingen, De informatie in één oogopslag gemakkelijk te begrijpen maken. Hieronder is een sample samenvattende tabel, die is opgenomen in het rapport.
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