Australisch / Nieuw-Zeelandse standaard 4600 voor koudgevormde staalconstructies, 2018 zal overwegen C
De AS/NZS 4600:2018 module checks cold-formed steel members with the Directe sterktemethode. It runs in SkyCiv Structural 3D and supports custom restraints along each member.
Voor de 2005 edition, zien AS4600-lidontwerp.
With this module you can:
- Run design checks to AS/NZS 4600:2018 with the Direct Strength Method, inclusief:
- Member pre-qualification
- Axial tension
- Axial compression: section capacity, and member capacity for global, local and distortional buckling
- Bending about both axes: section capacity, and member capacity for lateral-torsional, local and distortional buckling
- Shear along both axes
- Combined bending and shear
- Gecombineerde compressie en buiging
- Gecombineerde spanning en buiging
- Design channels, Z sections, hat sections, back-to-back channels and lipped channel boxes, prismatic or non-prismatic
- Define custom restraints and pseudo-restraints along each member
- Export detailed step-by-step PDF reports
- SkyCiv Beam-analysesoftware (Run Designer) to find the most efficient section
Current version support
Secties
- Kanaal
- Lipped kanaal
- Lipped Channel single
- Z-sectie
- Lipped Z
- AISI Amerikaans ijzer- en staalinstituut voor koudgevormde staalconstructies
- Back-to-back Channels
- Back-to-back Lipped Channels
- Lip -kanaalbox
Back-to-back lipped channels and lipped channel boxes are supported only by this code. Sections can be prismatic or non-prismatic, and the material must be steel. Sections must not come from the Australian/Steel (250 Cijfer), Australian/Steel (300 Cijfer), Australian/Steel (Beste) or American/AISI databases.
To see this list in the software, open the log and click View supported sections.
Software
- SkyCiv Structural 3D
AS / NZS 4600-2018 is also listed in the Ontwerpcode dropdown of SkyCiv Beam. This page describes the module in SkyCiv Structural 3D.
Notitie
Units must be in Metriek to use this design module. In the Model, Open Instellingen (top bar) > Eenheden and set the unit system to Metriek.
Opening the module
- Solve the model.
- Klik Ontwerp in the top bar.
- In Select a Design Module, kiezen Cold-Formed Steel Member.
- In Which design code would you like to start?, pick AS / NZS 4600-2018, klik vervolgens Begin.
If a design module is already open, gebruik Module wijzigen hebben we in de Ontwerp menu to switch codes.
The design panel opens on the left, with the 3D model on the right. The header shows the code, plus Request Feature en Run Designer. On the right of the tab bar are three buttons:
- the settings (gear) knop, which opens Member Design Settings
- the log button, which opens the Member Design Log
- Controleren, which runs the design check
When the module starts, an alert may tell you that there are important messages. They are shown in the Member Design Log, for example "6 members were loaded with default values", or members that were not imported because their section or material isn’t supported. The log has a View supported sections link.
The tabs are Details, Factoren, Materialen, Secties, Leden, beperkingen, Ladingen en Resultaten.
Member Design Settings
Click the gear button to open Member Design Settings. It has one option:
- Checks based on geometric axes instead of principal axes: unchecked by default. It affects the capacity of sections that are not symmetric about both axes, such as Z sections.
As the dialog notes, engineering guidance should be used when you change these settings. Klik Sparen to apply.
Details
Op de Details tab you can enter the project details. You don’t have to fill them in, but anything you enter is shown in the Project details table of your reports. Project Units shows Metriek and can’t be changed here.
Factoren
De Factoren tab shows the capacity reduction factors:
| Factor | Beschrijving | Instellingen voor lateraal-torsieknik |
|---|---|---|
| PhiC | Compressie | 0.85 |
| PhiB | Buigen | 0.9 |
| PhiV | Schuintrekken | 0.9 |
| PhiT | Spanning | 0.9 |
If a member is not pre-qualified (Clausule 1.6.3(c)(ik)), PhiC, PhiB and ΦV are reduced to 0.8. The factors used for each member are listed in its report under Strength Limit State Factors, with their clause references.
Materialen
De Materialen tab lists the materials used by the designed members, with their Opbrengststerkte en Ultieme kracht. The table is filled in from the model and can’t be modified here. To change a material, go back to the Model.
Secties
De Secties tab lists the sections used by the designed members. The section data comes from the model and can’t be modified here.
- Ontwerp: tick the box to design the members that use this section. The icon in the column header toggles all rows.
- Sectie-ID, Sectie, Vorm, Materiaal-ID en Materiaal: taken from the model.
- DSM: Klik Bekijk to see the DSM factors of the section.
De DSM Factors for Section n dialog shows a sketch of the section with its axes, and the elastic buckling stresses (in MPa) used by the Direct Strength Method:
| Symbool | Buckling stress |
|---|---|
| fDe,l,c | Lokale knik, compressie |
| fDe,d,c | Vervormende knik, compressie |
| fDe,l,bx | Lokale knik, bending about x |
| fDe,d,bx | Vervormende knik, bending about x |
| fDe,l,door,- en fDe,l,door,+ | Lokale knik, bending about y (negatief en positief) |
| fDe,d,door,- en fDe,d,door,+ | Vervormende knik, bending about y (negatief en positief) |
Any factor that is not provided has its check skipped. For a section that is symmetric about an axis, the positive and negative factors about that axis are not needed. The values can’t be edited here: to change them, ga naar de Sectiebouwer and launch the Ontwerp van koudgevormd staal module.
Leden
De Leden tab lists the design members. Each design member is made up of one or more model members.
- Expand Table Width: widens the table.
- Split Selected en Join Selected: split the selected design members, or join them into one design member.
| Kolom | Beschrijving |
|---|---|
| Selecteer | Ticks the row, for example to split or join members |
| Ontwerp | Tick to include the member in the design check, untick to leave it out |
| Design Member ID | The ID of the design member |
| Omdat de dichtstbijzijnde steun een balk OF een ligger kan zijn | The model member(s) that make up the design member |
| Sectie -ID's | Het deel(s) of the design member |
| L (m) | The length of the design member |
| Restraint ID | The restraint set used by the member. Click it to open that restraint in the beperkingen tabblad |
Design Member ID, Omdat de dichtstbijzijnde steun een balk OF een ligger kan zijn, Sectie -ID's en L (m) come from the model and can’t be changed here. Effective lengths and K factors are not entered on this tab: they come from the beperkingen tabblad.
beperkingen
AS / NZS 4600:2018 supports custom restraints, so you can add your own restraints to be used in the calculations. For a full description, see our documentation on beperkingen van leden.
- Auto groep: gives similar members the same restraint ID.
- Restraint ID: selects the restraint ID to view or edit. Use the down and up arrows to go to the next or previous ID.
- Assign to Member(s): assigns the current restraint ID to members.
- de rechtervoet bevindt zich naar binnen vanaf het einde van de brug: copies the current restraint ID to a new ID.
The restraint table is filled in from the model supports and connections. Bijvoorbeeld, a member supported at both ends gets a row at each end.
| Kolom | Beschrijving |
|---|---|
| Selecteer | Ticks the row, for example to apply a standard restraint to it |
| Positie | Distance of the restraint from the start of the member |
| Major Compression | 2-key restraint code (F or R) for major-axis flexural buckling |
| Kzo | Effective length factor for the major axis (auto standaard) |
| Minor Compression | 2-key restraint code (F or R) for minor-axis flexural buckling |
| Kyo | Effective length factor for the minor axis (auto standaard) |
| Lateraal-torsie | 4-key restraint code (F, R or S) for lateral-torsional buckling |
| Global Buckling Bracing | Unbraced, Top, Onderkant of Beide. If the lateral-torsional restraint fully braces a flange, the global buckling check is skipped for the cases that the bracing covers. Hover over the ℹ icon for details |
| Verwijderen | Deletes the restraint row |
Om pseudo-beperkingen toe te voegen (restraints that are not modelled), enter the spacings in Voeg pseudo-beperkingen toe door middel van spatiëring(s) en klik Toevoegen. You can enter a comma separated list (bijvoorbeeld 1.5,1.5,1.5), use the multiply operator (4*1.5), or use the < operator to fit as many restraints as possible. Klik Verwijderen next to Toevoegen to remove all the pseudo-restraints.
Pseudo-restraints are added as released (RR en RRRR), so they have no effect until you change their codes. In het onderstaande voorbeeld, 4*1.5 adds rows at 1.5, 3 en 4.5 m on a 6 m member, and their Lateral-Torsional code is changed to FFFR.
Below the table are sub-tabs, each with an A (automatic) badge by default:
- Spanning: met Default values Aan, the defaults are used. Switch it off to enter your own:
- kt: correction factor for the distribution of forces in a tension member. The default assumes a non-uniform force distribution, per AS/NZS 4600:2018 Clausule 3.2.3.2.
- An factor: factor that reduces the gross area to the net area. De standaard is 0.85, which assumes a bolted connection.
- Major Compression (Lz, Kz), Minor Compression (Lj, Kj), Twist Compression (LX, KX), Major Lateral-torsional (Lb, kLT, Cb) en Minor Lateral-torsional (Lb, kLT): standaard, Determine from restraints (as defined in the restraints table) is on. Switch it off to enter your own values for the whole member. Onder Standard Restraints, click an icon to apply a standard restraint to the selected rows.
De beperkingen section of each member report shows the restraints that were used: the user input (Negatieven gebruiken om de negatieve Z-richting te specificeren, restraint codes, knee en keey, top and bottom flange restraint, member rotation and global buckling bracing), the major-axis and minor-axis compression segments, the compression twist segments, the effective lateral-torsional restraints and the segments for each load combination.
Ladingen
De Ladingen tab lists the load combinations from the model, with their Naam en criteria. Tick Van toepassing zijn for each load combination you want to include. Serviceability combinations are listed and can be ticked, but no serviceability check is performed.
Resultaten
Klik Controleren to run the design check. De Resultaten tab shows:
- Toon ontwerpverhoudingen voor: chooses which ratios are shown, bijvoorbeeld Governing Result, Mislukte leden, or a single check.
- GOVERNING: the highest ratio and its member.
- A toolbar to filter (Alle), sort, Je structuur onderdrukken en verschuiven Herhalen, show the table and open the report, plus a Overzicht button for the summary report.
- De Ontwerpverhoudingen van leden tafel, met een Toestand (Slagen voor of Mislukken) en een Verslag doen van icon for each member. Hover over the ℹ icon in a column header to see the clause it refers to.
| Kolom | Controleren | Clausule |
|---|---|---|
| P. | Axiaal (spanning of compressie) | 3.2 of 7.2.1 |
| MX | Bending about x | 7.2.2 |
| Mj | Bending about y | 7.2.2 |
| V j | Shear along y | 7.2.3 |
| V X | Shear along x | 7.2.3 |
| CSBX | Combined shear and bending, about x | 7.2.3 |
| CSBj | Combined shear and bending, about y | 7.2.3 |
| CCB | Gecombineerde compressie en buiging | 7.2.4 |
| CTBm | Gecombineerde spanning en buiging, member capacity | 7.2.5(1) |
| CTBs | Gecombineerde spanning en buiging, section capacity | 7.2.5(2) |
In the 3D view, each member is coloured Mislukken, Waarschuwing of Slagen voor and labelled with its governing ratio.
Controles uitgevoerd
| Controleren | AS / NZS 4600:2018 referentie |
|---|---|
| Member pre-qualification (sets Φ) | Clausule 1.6.3 |
| Axial tension, section capacity | Sectie 3.2 |
| Axial compression, section capacity | Sectie 7.2.1.3 |
| Axial compression, member capacity (globaal, local and distortional buckling) | Sectie 7.2.1 |
| Bending about x and y, section capacity | Sectie 7.2.2.3.2 |
| Bending about x and y, member capacity (lateral-torsional, local and distortional buckling), including positive and negative bending about y for singly symmetric sections | Sectie 7.2.2.1 |
| Shear along y (web) and along x (de berekeningen die hier worden gepresenteerd, zullen het toegestane spanningsontwerp gebruiken) | Sectie 7.2.3 |
| Combined bending and shear, about both axes | Eq. 7.2.3(9) |
| Combined axial compression and bending | Eq. 7.2.4 |
| Combined axial tension and section bending capacity | Eq. 7.2.5(2) |
| Combined axial tension and member bending capacity | Eq. 7.2.5(1) |
The module does not check slenderness limits, doorbuiging (bruikbaarheid), web crippling or torsion.
Rapporten
Click the report icon in a member’s Verslag doen van column to open its design report. It opens in a Design Report for Member #n dialog with Close, Openen op nieuw tabblad, HTML downloaden en PDF downloaden toetsen. The report is titled "AS/NZS 4600-2018 – Direct Strength Method", and contains:
- Project details
- Nutsvoorziening: every check with its reference, symbool, description, verhouding en status
- Secties: the dimensions and properties of the section
- Ultieme grenstoestanden: Pre-kwalificatie voor leden, Strength Limit State Factors, Member Internal Actions, Member and Restraints, followed by each check step by step
Klik Overzicht on the Results tab to open the Samenvattingsverslag. It lists the project details (including the design code), the strength load combinations with their factors, and the results for all members.
